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Mr Newton and Mr Bell
Miner's wife as "motherly octopus", could be relied upon at all hours, made the money reach. Sons in various jobs, only one went down the pit and didn't stay. But when they were young had no real choices. Did know lad who got to university and sentenced Gandhi. Could leave for pits at twelve. Corruption, trade unionism tried to control it. Relationship between further education and the chapel. Mine management built all the local chapels, and had "spies" within them, keep an eye on miners. Real activism was via the workmen's clubs. Leader Sam Watson. Threat of losing job, others waiting to take...
Miner's wife as "motherly octopus", could be relied upon at all hours, made the money reach. Sons in various jobs, only one went down the pit and didn't stay. But when they were young had no real choices. Did know lad who got to university and sentenced Gandhi. Could leave for pits at twelve. Corruption, trade unionism tried to control it. Relationship between further education and the chapel. Mine management built all the local chapels, and had "spies" within them, keep an eye on miners. Real activism was via the workmen's clubs. Leader Sam Watson. Threat of losing job, others waiting to take...
Mr Kelly
Started down the pit at thirteen, looking after horses, boy scared him with story of pit ghost. First wages, given to mam, used pocket money to go to the theatre. Walked two miles to work, had ten brothers and sisters. Conditions, cavils, seams, pits getting flooded, confined spaces, wooden props creaking, areas under housing. Leisure - pubs, clubs, illegal pitch and toss games (village police usually ignored). Was in territorials, joined to get a holiday! 1926 lockout. Not paid for holidays. Union meetings. Getting "free" coals and housing, tied housing. Courting areas.
Started down the pit at thirteen, looking after horses, boy scared him with story of pit ghost. First wages, given to mam, used pocket money to go to the theatre. Walked two miles to work, had ten brothers and sisters. Conditions, cavils, seams, pits getting flooded, confined spaces, wooden props creaking, areas under housing. Leisure - pubs, clubs, illegal pitch and toss games (village police usually ignored). Was in territorials, joined to get a holiday! 1926 lockout. Not paid for holidays. Union meetings. Getting "free" coals and housing, tied housing. Courting areas.
Mr Hamilton
Shotton prosperous before world war one. Effect of the war, telegrams home. Father had accident in pit. Saw a Zeppelin shot down, ran to the aerodrome to watch planes. 1926 strike. Became colliery blacksmith and trade union secretary. Life during world war two, member of home guard. Building of Peterlee, restrictions made on other building nearby. 1972 pit closed, community struggled to survive. Early days of unions, uncle blackballed for strike activity. Prominent union members, needed to be good speakers. Miner's Institute. Drinking water could be got straight from the pit. Evening classes, ...
Shotton prosperous before world war one. Effect of the war, telegrams home. Father had accident in pit. Saw a Zeppelin shot down, ran to the aerodrome to watch planes. 1926 strike. Became colliery blacksmith and trade union secretary. Life during world war two, member of home guard. Building of Peterlee, restrictions made on other building nearby. 1972 pit closed, community struggled to survive. Early days of unions, uncle blackballed for strike activity. Prominent union members, needed to be good speakers. Miner's Institute. Drinking water could be got straight from the pit. Evening classes, ...
Mr Cooper
Lost a foot in an accident as a shunter, took a long time to get ambulance man - bought a peg leg with help from Consett Iron Works, union and others, but couldn't afford a foot. Sat outside colliery manager's office till given a job. Also took up cycling. Consett Iron company officials obedient to company. A few anecdotes about their behaviour, made to look stupid by others, or were thoughtless or dangerous or angry in regard to pit safety, sets of trolleys, detonator boxes etc. Social order, colliery manager at the top, went hunting. Could tell importance by owning a bath. Miners low sociall...
Lost a foot in an accident as a shunter, took a long time to get ambulance man - bought a peg leg with help from Consett Iron Works, union and others, but couldn't afford a foot. Sat outside colliery manager's office till given a job. Also took up cycling. Consett Iron company officials obedient to company. A few anecdotes about their behaviour, made to look stupid by others, or were thoughtless or dangerous or angry in regard to pit safety, sets of trolleys, detonator boxes etc. Social order, colliery manager at the top, went hunting. Could tell importance by owning a bath. Miners low sociall...
Mr Bell
Durham in the 1920s - Peter Lee and the birth of the labour party. Early labour developments in road building and housing and work creation schemes to help people qualify for dole money. Lived in Chopwell; the image as "little red Moscow". Strike of 1926 and the imprisonment of good people who got involved, religious people. Union leaders etc reading in philosophy and working class history. Changes now - people do council jobs for the money; Durham gala as it was, now more a "pop festival". Housing association.
Durham in the 1920s - Peter Lee and the birth of the labour party. Early labour developments in road building and housing and work creation schemes to help people qualify for dole money. Lived in Chopwell; the image as "little red Moscow". Strike of 1926 and the imprisonment of good people who got involved, religious people. Union leaders etc reading in philosophy and working class history. Changes now - people do council jobs for the money; Durham gala as it was, now more a "pop festival". Housing association.
Mr Richardson
Work as a miner, various mines and accidents. Mine management. Trade unions. Changing methods, e.g. attempt to introduce American methods during world war two. Changing personnel, rise of specialised university trained people and effects of nationalisation. Conditions in various pits - the lift system in detail, importance of the hewers, rats eating lunch. Sheffield in war time. Collapse of French owned pit when France occupied by Germany. Boss with a "Bean" motor car. Detailed description of mine explosions, carbon monoxide and firedamp. "Horizon mining" rather than following seam. Forming a...
Work as a miner, various mines and accidents. Mine management. Trade unions. Changing methods, e.g. attempt to introduce American methods during world war two. Changing personnel, rise of specialised university trained people and effects of nationalisation. Conditions in various pits - the lift system in detail, importance of the hewers, rats eating lunch. Sheffield in war time. Collapse of French owned pit when France occupied by Germany. Boss with a "Bean" motor car. Detailed description of mine explosions, carbon monoxide and firedamp. "Horizon mining" rather than following seam. Forming a...
Mr Pratt
Work as a miner. Early political views - seeing Ramsey McDonald; went to blackshirts meetings as a child, saw some famous figures. Uncle knew Lord Haw Haw. Ideas about freedom of speech. Life stages, difference between young boys and those who were working, playing football in the streets. Courting - walking up and down "the chicken run". Leisure activities for young men. The "gaming school", corner where people gambled. Sunday school. Effect of the war upon village life, the end of pitch and toss and gambling schools. Men trying to return to the pits after wartime. Attitudes to pit mechanisat...
Work as a miner. Early political views - seeing Ramsey McDonald; went to blackshirts meetings as a child, saw some famous figures. Uncle knew Lord Haw Haw. Ideas about freedom of speech. Life stages, difference between young boys and those who were working, playing football in the streets. Courting - walking up and down "the chicken run". Leisure activities for young men. The "gaming school", corner where people gambled. Sunday school. Effect of the war upon village life, the end of pitch and toss and gambling schools. Men trying to return to the pits after wartime. Attitudes to pit mechanisat...
Mr Everett
Work as a miner, training to become a manager. Rules and regulations, Safety in the pit. Change in the mines, increased mechanisation, changes to safety precautions. Designed some new bits of equipment. Dealing with the unions. Fire in the pit.
Work as a miner, training to become a manager. Rules and regulations, Safety in the pit. Change in the mines, increased mechanisation, changes to safety precautions. Designed some new bits of equipment. Dealing with the unions. Fire in the pit.
Mr Smith
Mining, unions and associated bodies. How the unions helped the miners. Role of the deputy and undermanager in keeping - or turning a blind eye to - rules e.g. re shot firing. Changing regulations. Difficulties of getting into areas to inspect, with equipment.
Mining, unions and associated bodies. How the unions helped the miners. Role of the deputy and undermanager in keeping - or turning a blind eye to - rules e.g. re shot firing. Changing regulations. Difficulties of getting into areas to inspect, with equipment.
Mrs Mary Wilson
Worked in the boot and shoe department of Stanley Co-op. Started at Burnhope Co-op in 1924, two days a week, then started at Stanley, had to walk it, or run for the bus. Hours. Could be very busy especially before the chapel anniversaries. Wages, staffing. Different kinds of shoe sold. Clubs and checks and the dividend. Shoe sizes. Fitting room. Price tickets and stock code. Man delivering goods in wagon. Store organised a social, people trying to get her to dance. Evening lectures with the Co-operative movement. The union.
Worked in the boot and shoe department of Stanley Co-op. Started at Burnhope Co-op in 1924, two days a week, then started at Stanley, had to walk it, or run for the bus. Hours. Could be very busy especially before the chapel anniversaries. Wages, staffing. Different kinds of shoe sold. Clubs and checks and the dividend. Shoe sizes. Fitting room. Price tickets and stock code. Man delivering goods in wagon. Store organised a social, people trying to get her to dance. Evening lectures with the Co-operative movement. The union.
Mr Ratcliffe
Bainbridge's a training ground for shop workers. Retail and wholesale departments. First day at work. Retail selling competitive. Co-op paid more but not so prestigious. Competitors. Price code system. No union.
Bainbridge's a training ground for shop workers. Retail and wholesale departments. First day at work. Retail selling competitive. Co-op paid more but not so prestigious. Competitors. Price code system. No union.
Mrs Ware
Bethney chapel - independent Methodist. Sunday school. Outings, anniversaries. Typical Sunday. Preachers. Christian Endeavour. Abstinence. Decoration of the chapel - harvest festival. Communion. Car of chapel.
Bethney chapel - independent Methodist. Sunday school. Outings, anniversaries. Typical Sunday. Preachers. Christian Endeavour. Abstinence. Decoration of the chapel - harvest festival. Communion. Car of chapel.
John Trueman
Started Sunday school at 7. Star card. Lessons, annual outing. Christmas party. Anniversary. Membership training class. After war became Sunday school superintendent. Festivals of the church. Giving testimony, Methodist fellowship. Occupations of the congregation. Music. Temperance. Social life. Attitudes to other denominations. Chapel. Unions. Young people's day. Pranks in chapel as a teenager. Chapel building. Communion wine. Prizes for attendance, presents at Christmas.
Started Sunday school at 7. Star card. Lessons, annual outing. Christmas party. Anniversary. Membership training class. After war became Sunday school superintendent. Festivals of the church. Giving testimony, Methodist fellowship. Occupations of the congregation. Music. Temperance. Social life. Attitudes to other denominations. Chapel. Unions. Young people's day. Pranks in chapel as a teenager. Chapel building. Communion wine. Prizes for attendance, presents at Christmas.
anonymous man
Father a keeker at the colliery, also master's weighman. Grandfather horsekeeper. Both Methodists. Grandfather lost an eye in the 1891 strike. Jim worked as colliery clerk for two years, then for county council. Rates of pay. Mines in Cornsay and seggar used for bricks and exported. Colliery owners benefactors to Methodism. Maternal grandmother from Cornwall, paternal grandfather from Yorkshire. Village life - rural setting, sports. School - strike when head teacher roughly treated boy whose father had recently died in world war one. Gardens and livestock. Typical Sunday. Jack Lawson - connect...
Father a keeker at the colliery, also master's weighman. Grandfather horsekeeper. Both Methodists. Grandfather lost an eye in the 1891 strike. Jim worked as colliery clerk for two years, then for county council. Rates of pay. Mines in Cornsay and seggar used for bricks and exported. Colliery owners benefactors to Methodism. Maternal grandmother from Cornwall, paternal grandfather from Yorkshire. Village life - rural setting, sports. School - strike when head teacher roughly treated boy whose father had recently died in world war one. Gardens and livestock. Typical Sunday. Jack Lawson - connect...
Ted Davey
Apprenticeship; nearly sacked for driving a vehicle into the shipyard gates. Asbestos as lack of health rules, difficult and dirty conditions, engineering accident. Workers clothing, health problems. Career progression, feelings about closure, trying to keep warm while ice floating down the Tyne. Strikes and unions.
Apprenticeship; nearly sacked for driving a vehicle into the shipyard gates. Asbestos as lack of health rules, difficult and dirty conditions, engineering accident. Workers clothing, health problems. Career progression, feelings about closure, trying to keep warm while ice floating down the Tyne. Strikes and unions.
Ged Lalor
Childhood memories of the crowds of shipyard workers. Conditions as a boy labourer, poor heath and safety record. The plater's shed, freezing cold. Noise of the welders. Typical day, strict regime and shifts, wages, management and unions. Whole town filthy and overwhelmed by huge ships. Lots of smoking and drinking. Playing on the streets, community life. The "pop wagon". Shipyard closure.
Childhood memories of the crowds of shipyard workers. Conditions as a boy labourer, poor heath and safety record. The plater's shed, freezing cold. Noise of the welders. Typical day, strict regime and shifts, wages, management and unions. Whole town filthy and overwhelmed by huge ships. Lots of smoking and drinking. Playing on the streets, community life. The "pop wagon". Shipyard closure.
David Tindale
Russian food parcels in 1984 strike, comment by man who fought in Russian Revolution. More on cricket. Team went around during 1926 strike. Stories about the Home Guard in the area. Layout of the house - father plumbed in a hot water system; method of washing clothes; bath with a hinged top; got very cold upstairs. Pay at organ works; secrecy about union membership. Pranks played on and by apprentices at the engine works. New apprentices Christmas Box, had to sing a carol for it. The garage there. Identifying people on photograph of organ works. First encounter with policeman, at five. The var...
Russian food parcels in 1984 strike, comment by man who fought in Russian Revolution. More on cricket. Team went around during 1926 strike. Stories about the Home Guard in the area. Layout of the house - father plumbed in a hot water system; method of washing clothes; bath with a hinged top; got very cold upstairs. Pay at organ works; secrecy about union membership. Pranks played on and by apprentices at the engine works. New apprentices Christmas Box, had to sing a carol for it. The garage there. Identifying people on photograph of organ works. First encounter with policeman, at five. The var...
Ted Crookes
Mother died of 1918 influenza, nearly given to other relatives. Sent to smallpox hospital. Miner's strike, blacklegs, division of Hebburn into distinct regions. Unemployment growing. Briefly a shop boy but sacked as reached 16. Started in shipyards. Employment system, waiting in the market, factors in this, relationship with bosses. Wartime - women workers and men's reactions. Early involvement in unions. Later involvement in union and the local council.
Mother died of 1918 influenza, nearly given to other relatives. Sent to smallpox hospital. Miner's strike, blacklegs, division of Hebburn into distinct regions. Unemployment growing. Briefly a shop boy but sacked as reached 16. Started in shipyards. Employment system, waiting in the market, factors in this, relationship with bosses. Wartime - women workers and men's reactions. Early involvement in unions. Later involvement in union and the local council.
Frank Graham
Family background, slightly better off than some in area. In early teens very affected by sight of man breaking the two minute war memorial silence, trying to make speech. Time of lots of political meetings and demonstrations. The hunger marches - different from Jarrow march - more militant. Strength of National Unemployed Workers Movement. Set themselves to stand against Mosley's fascists in the region. - why Mosley failed here, small meetings jeered at. More on the hunger marches, staying in halls and the workhouse, increased in size as it went. Got new boots donated but caused trouble as no...
Family background, slightly better off than some in area. In early teens very affected by sight of man breaking the two minute war memorial silence, trying to make speech. Time of lots of political meetings and demonstrations. The hunger marches - different from Jarrow march - more militant. Strength of National Unemployed Workers Movement. Set themselves to stand against Mosley's fascists in the region. - why Mosley failed here, small meetings jeered at. More on the hunger marches, staying in halls and the workhouse, increased in size as it went. Got new boots donated but caused trouble as no...
Jack Ramshaw and Harry Ferrier
Sleeping six to a bed. Taking part in a school strike about Royal Oak Day. Working as a paperboy. Grandfather often moved from one pit to another, put his bed on a wagon and moved on. Coal cables and wages. Saw men beating up a blackleg miner during strike. Came out of school day before 1921 strike, had to wait till it was over before starting work, helped in soup kitchens. Close knit community. Story of policeman trying to catch a potato thief. Allotment practically a second job. Complaints in the mine went through several stages, watered down each time and usually petered out. Union voluntar...
Sleeping six to a bed. Taking part in a school strike about Royal Oak Day. Working as a paperboy. Grandfather often moved from one pit to another, put his bed on a wagon and moved on. Coal cables and wages. Saw men beating up a blackleg miner during strike. Came out of school day before 1921 strike, had to wait till it was over before starting work, helped in soup kitchens. Close knit community. Story of policeman trying to catch a potato thief. Allotment practically a second job. Complaints in the mine went through several stages, watered down each time and usually petered out. Union voluntar...
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